Two-way torque-limiting clutch



W. M. WHITE TWO-WAY TORQUE-LIMITING CLUTCH Nov. 18, 1952 2 SHEETS-Sl-IEET 1 Filed Feb. 27, 1947 WILLIAM M. WHITE IN VEN TOR Nov. 18, 1952 w n- 2,618,137

TWO-WAY TORQUE-LIMITING CLUTCH Filed Feb. 27, 1947 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 FIG. 9.

WILLIAM M. WHITE INVENTOR Patented Nov. 18, 1952 PATENT?" overea 618,137 TWO-WAY TORQUE-LIMITIN G CLUTCH;

Wi11 iam"M."3White, Rochester; NY., assiglior'to Eastman-Kodak -Company, Rochester, N. Y; or corporation of-New Jersey ApplioationFebruar-y; 27, 1947, .Serial No.@7-31 ,233 l;

4' Claims: (01. 64-30 Thepresent invention relates to cl'iitch'es, and? more lpa'rticulerly to "a; two-way, torque-limiting clutch; or an overload-release clutch: in which the clutch is relhsed'whn the 'load'exceeds a pre-d'e'terminedor pre-selectedevalue.

Ohe object oi'the invention is'the "provisi'o'nof?" a 'clutch'mecha-nism which willi deliver power to a driven member luntilitlie load thereon exceeds? a pre-determinedvalii'e at whichtiine the driven member 'i'sldisconnected "automaticallil frbm the drive means Another obj ect; of-Itlie invention is the. provision of "la. twowayttorque clii'tchfwhichlwill' transmit the same ordifie'rent' t'o'rqucsflupon' rotation of the drive means in opposite. directions. 7

StlllTIanoth'er object of T'tl'ie invention" isthe provision of a cliit'chbfIth type'described' which is simple. in construction, of few parts of; rugged .1 construction, and effective in its. operation.

Iii its-broadest! aspectspth'e inventi'ofi'relatesi to aatwo-wa'yltorque-limiting or overload-release clutch," mounted on. a ,driv'e-shaftand adapted to transmit/powervto a. driven 'member whenthei' shaft" is" rotated in either direction; However;

when the load on thedriven memb'erexceeds the has the. ends'connected' to rthe"sleeves; Jone "end"'i of L'the coillf'servin'glto. drive .one of the sleeves; When the lo'ad onrthe driven member exceeds a.- pre-determined '.value,- .determinedl'by the ad justment. of, the. limiting springhthe other sleeve .l

the" clutchil1ustrated1' in l i'gtfl fand substantially?" on line 1-2-2 "itl'iereof "showingfthe' arrangement" of the rotatable sleeve members ein'ci tirer-torque limiting spring. connected thereto Fig: 3" is a 'fto'p" view'of the '"mechani'snrilliis trated in Fig: 1;

Fig.,4 is a-sectionale view taken throughthe'=- clutch of Figs. '1 and 22nd substantielllyfiin line 4-4 of Figl' 3;.showingtheidriving lugs of the sleeve members: I

Figf5 is. a longitudinal sctio'nai view "'through a modified'formiof a, two-way torquemlutch' con e structed .lin" "accordance with the presentiriverre: I tio'nfi Fig." 6 is a vertical sectional" vie'w'th'i'ou'gh" one? of the clutch members 'illiistratedin' 'Fig'ii5 end taken substantially oniine' 6-"-6'-=thereof;-show=" ing the i arrangement .of""th"e s1eeve's'"and I the? torque limitingjspririg'yj Fig'. 1'7 "is 'a vertical sectional? view" taken sub stantially in. line '1"1" of Fig: 5'; showingtheer: rangeme'nt by whi'clr'one' of the sleeves may be backed ".ofi'i during fan overload to" release tlie clutch;"'

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectionview'; ta'kewsubstan tially 'on line 8-8bFig."5 showing the arrange"- mentiof one of the cQiI 'cIut'cNSDrinESr and f Fig. 9 isa, sectionalviewtakensubstaintiellvtoifl constructed in accordance'iwith the present-in:

vention' and generallyiindicated tby'ithe numeral l IL Thisclutch adapted to v transmit" "power? tote, driven member, such as the sprocket I'2;" when a, drive shaft I3""is"rot'a;t'ed "in eithefdi loses .rotation' and turns-relative to. the .other' v motion, the sprocket. l l rota'ti'ng-in the sem'edi sleeve tounwindthe coil .spring. to. disconnect the i letterfr'om the shaft and: thus .break the. driving relationbetween-the shaft andithe. driven imeme berm rection asv theshai't l3i. Tlielatte'r islprovidedl. with.abushing..M mountedbn the end Of'ith shaft and connected 'Ythereto by Na, setscrew l5}? This bushing. has a reduced end 3, which car,

To=these and othenzends, the inventionresidesn rieszthe. clutchlparts'to be later described; This:

in certain limprovementsr andm combinations. of parts-l ;a.ll. .as: will be hereinafter more fully, described,.,the -.novelfeaturesbeing. pointed-outin ithe-claims atzthe end ofethe specification. c

InJt-he drawings: I

Fige lis: a-etr'ansverse i'sectional view showinga prefer-redrform of; a two-way torque:-,clutch con structed inlaccordance: :withrthe presenteinven' tiongzshowing' the-relation of the clutch parts bushingdfi permits the eentirewclutch to be re moved as .a unit, from the shaft. uponthe" release of the set screw asuwill be apparent-upone inspection 0f-Fig.,,1.- Thesprooket; I2-isoloosely= mounted on the I bushing h I 4 ande -has securede.

thereto, by screws 1 I, atubularextensione: I 8;;

Thus the sprocket and l extension .I 8 -form a uni-y w tary-driven' member loosely and rotatably mounted on the bushing .l 4; However, as": thee:

zisza averticalisectional view taken through: g m is upedito the .shaft, -iav te can,

sidered a part thereof so that the driven sprocket may be deemed to be rotatably mounted on the drive shaft. While the sprocket I2 and the member l8 are shown as separate parts, it is apparent that they may be formed as a single mem ber.

The reduced end |6 has loosely mounted thereon an inner-sleeve member 20 formed with an annular axially-extending rim 2|. A channelshaped outer casing or sleeve, broadly designatedby the numeral 22, is also loosely carried by the 7 end l6 and is spaced axially thereon from the innersleeve 20, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 1. This outer sleeve 22 is formed with a radiallyextending portion 23 which is loosely mounted on the end l6, and which terminates in an annular rim 24 which overlies and is radially spaced from the rim 2| to provide an annular channel or recess 25. This recess has positioned therein a spring housing or casing 26 which carries a spiral torque limiting spring 21. The inner end 28 of the spring is hooked in an opening 29 of therim 2|, while the other end 3|] engages an inwardlyextending ear 3| formed on the spring casing to connect the latter to the innersleeve through the spring.

The periphery of the casing 26 is formed with a plurality of adjusting holes 32 which are movable into alignment with a slot 33 formed in the rim 24, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. It will be apparent from inspection of Fig. 2 that the spring 21 may be wound up or tensioned by turning the V casing 26 counter-clockwise relative to the rim 2| to preload the spring so as to limit the load which the sprocket 2 can transmit. Thus the load which the sprocket can carry is determined by the loading or tensioning of the spring 21, and when the load on the sprocket I2 exceeds that of the spring setting, the clutch will be disconnected automatically from the drive shaft, as will be later described. When the spring has been properly tensioned a set screw 34 positioned in the slot 32 is moved inwardly so that an end 35 thereof will extend into the registering hole 32 to hold the casing 26 to maintain the spring in its tensioned condition. By means of this arrangement, the spring 21 connects the sleeves 26 and 22 to provide a driving connection therebetween.

The rim 24 has connected thereto, by means of screw 38 or other suitable means, a plate 39 which is supported on and which cooperates with the outer sleeve 22 to provide a housing which encloses the various clutch parts as seen in Fig. 1. As the plate 39 is a part of sleeve 22, the latter may be considered broadly to be mounted on and concentric with sleeve 20. The plate is formed with a pair of axially-projecting lugs 40 which extend into diametrically-arranged slots 4| formed in the extension |8 as best seen in Fig. 4. The innersleeve 20 is also formed with a pair of diametrically-arranged lugs 42 which also extend into the slots 4|. The spring 21 tends to rotate the sleeves 20 and 22 in opposite directions to move the lugs 40 and 42 to opposite ends of the slot 4|, so that the lug 40 will engage edges 43 while lug 42 will engage edge 44 of the slot, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 4. The purpose of this arrangement will be later described.

The sleeves 20 and 22 are spaced axially on the end l6 and have mounted therebetween a coil clutch-spring 46 which is wrapped like a left hand thread and which tightly engages the end l6 so as to be rotated as a unit with the end l6 and shaft |3. This gripping action is caused by the torsion-limiting spring which tends to rotate the sleeves 26 and 22 in the opposite directions, the ends 41 and 48 of spring 46 being connected by screws 49 to the sleeves 26 and 22 respectively, as illustrated in Fig. 1. The outer sleeve 22 is held by a collar 5| against the rim 2| of the innersleeve 20 while the latter engages a shoulder 5|] to retain the sleeves inaxial position relative to the shaft. The spring 46 .thus provides a coil spring clutch connecting sleeves 20 and 22 in driven arrangement with the end of the drive shaft. As the spring 21 tends to turn the sleeves 20 and 22 in opposite directions, as mentioned above, it will wind up spring 46 to maintain the latter in gripping relation with the end l6 to rotate the clutch members when the shaft l3 is rotated in either direction.

When the shaft rotates in one direction, the end 41 will act to drive the inner sleeve 26 and when the shaft is rotated, in the other direction, the end 48 of the spring 46 serves to drive the other sleeve 22. In both cases, however, the drive is through both sleeves and the connecting torque-limiting spring 21 so that the power transmitted to the sprocket I2 is limited by the adjustment of the spring 21. For example, when shaft |3 turns toward the observer, or counterclockwise as viewed in Fig. 2, 'andindicated by the arrow, Fig. 1, the right end 48 of the coil spring 46 acts as a drive to rotate the outer sleeve with the shaft end Hi. This drive is transmitted from the sleeve 22 through the rim 24 thereof, screw 34 to spring casing 26, then through the limiting spring 21 to the inner sleeve 26 to cause the lugs 42 to engage the edges 44 of slot 4| to drive the exten sion l8 and the sprocket |2 in a counterclockwise direction. During such counterclockwise rotation, the reacting force on the sprocket |2, due to the load thereon, is clockwise so that if the load exceeds the setting of the spring 21, the sprocket l2 and extension It will be rotated slightly in a clockwise direction relative to the bushing I4. This will serve to rotate the inner sleeve 26 clockwise and relative to the outer sleeve 22. This relative rotation of the inner sleeve will be trans-.

mitted to the left end 41 of the coil spring to unwind the latter to remove it out of gripping relation with the shaft end I6 to disconnect the clutch. On the other hand, a clockwise rotation of the shaft |3 and end. l6 will cause the coil spring 46 to drive through the left end 41 to rotate the inner sleeve 20 with the end l6. This rotation will rotate, through the spring 21, casing '2 6, screw 34, the outer sleeve 22 in a clockwise direction to bring the lugs 40 into driving relation with the edges 43 of the slot 4| to rotate the member. I6 and sprocket I2 in a clockwise direction; In

this case, the reacting force on the sprocket, due

to the load thereon, is counterclockwise so that slightly to move it out of gripping relation with the shaft to disconnect the clutch parts.

Thus, the shaft can be rotated in either direction to rotate the sprocket similarly. In each case, however, the drive is through the torque-' limiting spring 21 which controls the amount of load the clutch can transmit to the sprocket.

When this load is exceeded, the driven' sleeve loses rotation so that a relative rotative movement is imparted to the sleeve members to unwind the coil clutch spring 46 to release the acre-13':

latter. The lossrof 'rotation is about 46 is the :drivingend and-the other end is the. releasing end. The part played by the various. ends-,- depends, of course, on the direction of the.

ln either case; one end of the coil clutch spring-a rotation of' the shaft 13. During this .releasing operation, the loss-of rotation of thereleasing sleeve is: accompanied by afurtherwvinding of.

spring 2l.

Figs. 51toj 9 sh0w a.imodified;form. of a twoway'torque-limitingclutch. In this embodiment,

the shaft 60. hasloosely mounted thereon. a sleeve 6| which rotatalcly supports. a drivenmember such :as apulley 62.. A pair of separate torqueclutch mechanisms 63. and .64 are positioned on.

oppositeside's of, thepulley' 62 andare. adapted.

inFigz; 5,,-the right clutchmechanlsm .64 then.

becomes operative to similarly rotate the pulley 62 and the left clutch 53 thenidles. Both clutches are. identical in structure, and only onewill be describedxingdetail. The ccrrespondingparts of theother clutch willbe designatedby corresponding; primed numerals.

The shaft 60 carries-the sleeve ti on which On the other .hand,

the pulley 62 is centered. To the left of the pulley ,62, and loosely mounted on the sleeve 63 isan' inner flange sleeve which is Z-shaped in cross section and provided with a horizontal portion .65 supported by and concentric withthe sleeve BI, and a vertical portion 66 positioned adjacent a side 8'1 of the pulley. The portion is. formed with a hole 68 adapted to receive apin 69; carried by the pulley. The clearance of thehole 68 is away from the observer, as shown in Fig.7, for a purpose to be later described. The. inner flange sleeve is provided with another vertical portion 'lil which engages the end of the sleeve .61 and cooperates with a similar portion of the other clutch mechanism to retain the sleeve 6|. in position on the shaft G6, as is apparent from inspection of Fig. 5.

A. spring casing H which is L-shapedin cross section'rests on and is supported by the portion 65 of 'the inner. sleeve. The periphery of the spring casing is spaced from the portion 65 to provide anzannular recess or chamber for a torquelimiting spring 72.. The inner end 73 of this spring issecured in a hole 74 formed in the portion 65, while the outer end i5 extends through ashole. it in the casing, periphery, as shown in Fig. 6 to connect the portion 65 to the. casing through :the spring. The arrangement is such thatzifthe casing?! is held, and the inner sleeve portion :65 is rotated ina clockwise direction, Fig.6, the springlZ willbe .wound up or tensioned... Whenthe spring is properly tensioned, the reduced end 11 of a pin. '58 carried by a flange?!) of an outer sleeve .is inserted in. a

registering hole 89 of the casing to retain the springinits tensioned condition and to operativel-y-connect the casing to the outer sleeve, the casing being formedwith a plurality of adjusting::holes-,'as shown 'ingFig. 9.. Thus the sleeves are: connected through .the tensioned torque.- limiting, spring-12..v

portion: 8 I'= which restszon andrist. rotatablyrasupe i ported onthe portionz65xof the inner. sleeve;z. and

is concentric therewith asibest shown in: .Fig.';5.; The portion 8| extendsttotthegleft ofrthe'. inner: .sleeve toprovide. a'chamber82' in whichnisposi; tioneda coil c1utch=springz fi3rlsurrounding; that" shaftlill. The left end 84 'of the spring: 831,:is; connectedto a .radi'al. portionaor flange:;:85l .i of. the outersleevep. The right end 83 ref. thetspringzzt .83,='onithe other hand, is. connectedtoxthe 'en'd ill of the innerxsleeve;asshown-in.Fig;:5.; Thus. the'coilispringtii is. connected to 'bothtsl'eeves; while the limiting spring 1'2 f-crms adriving con nection therebe'tween: .A pin 81 thre'aded'inipart.f. 8| extendsjinwardly therefromand through a; slotted hole 33 in the portion Biliof. the'inner.

sleeve and into .a registering hole .3?! in the sleeve 6| to. maintain the longitudinal. position of 'the.- innersand outer sleeve on the shaft tilaswell asa the angular arrangement .of the right and 'leftii. The .clearance of. the hole :88 is. awayxfr'om the observer to permit a counterclock clutch. parts.

wise rotation ofthe inner s1eeVe, ior a'purposei tohe laterdescribed.- This slotted hole-.88 per:=

mitsv the inner sleeve to turn-a predetermined. amount relative .to:.the: bushing .fil. and theouter;

sleeve :for. a-purposeto be laterv described.

The coil: springr83 isgwound likeazleft-handq thread so that when .the shaft-.60 is=.rotated:in:ae clockwise direction; as;viewed.:.fromt.the right. 1 end, the spring willtightly gripthe :shaftiBllsoa: as to be driventherebysince end .84 isiit'sdriving :1 end. This clutch spring, through: -its..:;=left:.:end=;-

84; serves to rotate the outer sleeveiima clock= nwise directionas a unitwiththe shafti Rotation:- of the outer sleeve is transmitted? through the flange .19, screw-l8; casing 'H-, torque. springiH, and portion 5 to rotate the inner-sleeveasa:- unit with the. outer sleeveiand the shaft. The; inner, sleeve, through the slot and pin connections 68 and (i9, serve to rotate the pulley 62 in;

a clockwise direction, the pin and slot being: in the relation shown in the dotted line in Fig. '7. As the .pulley is rotated in a clockwise direction,

the reacting force of the load on the pulleyfiz is counterclockwise so that if the load exceeds the setting of the spring 12, th pulley.62 will rotate a short distance in a counterclockwise;- direction. The pin 69 is at the left end of slotv ;58, as shown in Fig. '7, so that as the pulley62 turns in a counterclockwise direction, due to the overload, it carries the vertical ends 66 of the inner sleeve with it to also rotate the inner. sleeve which provide, in effect, aylost-motion arrangement between the sleeves: As the inner sleeve rotates or moves in a counterclockwise direction;

italso moves the rightend of the coil spring 83,, and such movement serves to unwind the' coil spring and disconnect the latter and the.

clutch parts from the. drive shaft 60.:

Thus whenv theshaft; 60 isrotated in a clock-s wisezdirection', as viewed .from the right end;

the coil. spring .83 grips theshaft to' drive-the". entire left clutch mechanism clockwise. to cause; the left end of the hole168 to enga e pin 69 to drive the pulley clockwise; However, upon overload of. the pulley, the. latter .rockscounterclocke.

wiseto rotate the inner sleeve similarlyv to-release the coil clutch spring to automatically disengage the entire clutch mechanism .from the shaft.

During this releasing movement, the pin-69-' of- The: :outemsleere rimg rgvid d t ga itubular; thelrightuclutchi member-moves:alongtthe slottedaii 7, hole 68, as is apparent from inspection of Fig. 7.

When, however, the shaft 60 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, the left clutch mechanism becomes inoperative, and th right-hand clutch spring 83', which is wound like a left-hand thread, grips the shaft 60 to cause the inner and outer sleeves of the right clutch to rotate counterclockwise to rotate the pulley in the same direction. Upon overload on the pulley, the latter rocks clockwise to similarly move the inner sleeve of the right clutch to cause the left end 86' of the spring 53 to unwind the spring to release the right clutch parts. In order to properly operate in the described relation, th limiting spring 12 is wound in a direction opposite to that shown in Fig. 6.

Thus, when thejshaft is rotated in opposite directions, different clutch members are rendered operative automatically to rotate the pulley in the right direction. However, when the overload on the pulley exceeds the setting of the torque-limiting spring, the operative clutch is disconnected automatically from the shaft. When the load again lessens, the clutch again becomes operative to rotate the pulley. The two torque-limiting springs may be adjusted to release the spring at the same or different overloads depending, upon the tensioning of the springs. Here again the loss of rotation or the reverse rotation of the inner releasing sleeve is about and limited by slots E8 and 68, and such relative rotation of the sleeves imparts an increase tension: on the torque-limiting springs.

While certain embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, it is to be understood that the inventive idea may be carried out in any number of ways. This application is, therefore, not to be limited to the precise details disclosed, but is intended to cover all variations and modiflcations falling within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a torque-limiting clutch, the combination with a drive shaft, of a coil spring clutch surrounding said shaft and driven directly thereby, an inner sleeve member loosely mounted on said shaft, an outer sleeve member concentric with and rotatably mounted on said inner sleeve, a spiral load-limiting spring, a housing for said limiting spring carried by said inner sleeve, said limiting spring having one end connected to said inner sleeve and the other end connected to said housing, said housing being rotatable relative to said inner sleeve to tension said limiting spring for a preselected load, said housing having a wall thereof formed with spaced apertures, and a screw carried by said outer sleeve adjacent said wall, the end of said screw engaging in one of said apertures to connect the outer sleeve of said wall to maintain the tension of said spring, the

sleeves and limiting spring being arranged in series so that the drive from the shaft to the driven member will be through said limiting spring, an overload on said driven member causing a reverse rotation thereof to turn said inner member relative to said outer member and to tension said limiting spring additionally, and means connecting the inner sleeve to the other end of said coil spring so that upon the relative rotation of said inner sleeve the coil spring will be unwound to disconnect the coil spring from the shaft.

2. In a two-way torque-limiting clutch, the combination with a drive shaft adapted to be rotated, in opposite directions, a driven member rotatably supported on said shaft, of a two-way clutch mechanism mounted on one end of said shaft, said mechanism comprisnig, a pair of concentrically arranged telescoping sleeve members rotatably supported on said shaft separately and independently of said driven member, a coil spring clutch tightly engaging said shaft so as to be driven thereby and having driving and nondriving ends, one of said sleeve members being connected to one end of said coil spring while the other is connected to the opposite end of said coil spring, said telescoping sleeve members having portions thereof spaced to provide an annular recess therebetween, a tensioned spiral spring positioned in said recess and having one end connected to one sleeve and the other end connected to the other sleeve to provide a drive connection between said sleeves, and separate means on said sleeves for engaging said driven member releasably so that one sleeve will drive when the shaft is rotated in one direction while the other sleeve will drive when the shaft is rotated in the opposite direction, said driven member rotating in a direction opposite its driven direction when under an overload, said opposite rotation serving to rotate the idling sleeve similarly so as to rotate the non-driving end of said coil spring to unwind the latter to disconnect it from the shaft.

3. In a two-way torque-limiting clutch, the combination with a drive shaft adapted to be rotated in opposite directions, a driven member rotatably supported on said shaft, of a two-way clutch mechanism mounted on one end of said shaft, said mechanism comprising, an inner sleeve member loosely mounted on said shaft, an

outer sleeve member rotatably supported on said inner sleeve member, said sleeve members having spaced telescoping portions which form an annular recess, a tensioned spiral spring positioned in said recess and having the opposite ends connected to said sleeve members to provide a drive connection therebetween, a coil spring wrapped around said shaft and having the opposite ends thereof connected to said sleeves, one end of said coil spring driving one of said sleeves when the shaft is rotated in one direction, but when the shaft is rotated in the opposite direction the opposite end of said coil spring drives the other sleeves, and a lug on each sleeve engaging said driven member to rotate the latter in both directions of rotation of said shaft, an overload on said driven member causing a loss of rotation of the non-driving sleeve relative to the drivin sleeve so that said non-driving sleeve will move the end of the coil spring attached thereto to unwrap said coil spring to disengage the latter from the shaft to disconnect the clutch mechanism therefrom.

4. In a two-way torque-limiting clutch, the combination with a drive shaft adapted to be rotated in opposite directions, a driven member rotatably supported on said shaft, of a two-way clutch mechanism mounted on one end of said shaft, said mechanism comprising, an inner sleeve member loosely mounted on said shaft, an

outer sleeve member rotatably supported on said inner sleeve member, said sleeve members having spaced telescoping portions which form an annular recess, a tensioned spiral spring positioned in said recess and having th opposite ends connected to said sleeve members to provide a drive connection therebetween, a coil spring wrapped around said shaft and having the opposite end thereof connected to said sleeves, one end of said coil spring driving one of said sleeves when the 9 shaft is rotated in one direction, but when the shaft is rotated in the opposite direction the opposite end of said coil spring drives the other sleeve, both sleeves rotating as a unit in either direction of rotation of the drive shaft, said driven member being formed with a peripheral slot, and a lug on each sleeve extending into said slot, the lugs engaging opposite sides of the slot so as to drive the driven member in either direction of rotation of said sleeves, an overload on the driven member causing a slight loss of rotation to the non-driving sleeve so that the latter will move the end of the coil spring attached thereto to unwind the coil spring to disconnect the latter from the drive shaft.

WILLIAM M. WHITE.

10 REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,126,780 Jones Feb. 2, 1915 1,561,506 Chilton NOV. 17, 1925 1,561,537 Hayes Nov. 17, 1925 2,061,827 Brooks Nov. 24, 1936 2,151,724 Wengel et a1 Mar. 28, 1939 2,360,187 Almen Oct. 10, 1944 2,459,972 Starkey Jan. 25, 1949 2,468,193 Golf Apr. 26, 1949 

